Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the cells lining the stomach. It can develop in any part of the stomach but most commonly occurs in the main part (body) of the stomach. Stomach cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes and other organs such as the liver, pancreas, and colon.

Types of Stomach Cancer:

  1. Adenocarcinoma: The most common type, originating in the glandular cells of the stomach lining.
  2. Lymphoma: Cancer that originates in the immune system tissues of the stomach wall.
  3. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST): Rare tumours that originate in the interstitial cells of the stomach wall.
  4. Carcinoid tumours: These originate in hormone-producing cells of the stomach.

Risk Factors:

  • Helicobacter pylori infection: This bacterium causes chronic inflammation and can increase cancer risk.
  • Diet: High intake of salty and smoked foods, low intake of fruits and vegetables.
  • Smoking: Increases the risk of stomach cancer, particularly in the upper part of the stomach near the esophagus.
  • Family history: Genetic predisposition can play a role.
  • Age: More common in people aged 50 and above.
  • Gender: Men are more likely to develop stomach cancer than women.

Symptoms:

  • Indigestion or heartburn.
  • Bloating after meals.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Stomach pain.
  • Unexplained weight loss.
  • Difficulty swallowing.
  • Blood in stool or vomit.

Diagnosis:

  • Endoscopy: A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is used to view the stomach lining.
  • Biopsy: A sample of stomach tissue is taken during endoscopy for analysis.
  • Imaging tests: CT scans, X-rays, or PET scans to detect cancer spread.
  • Blood tests: To check for anaemia or other related issues.

Treatment:

  • Surgery: Removal of part or all of the stomach (gastrectomy) along with nearby lymph nodes.
  • Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
  • Radiation therapy: Uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells.
  • Targeted therapy: Drugs that target specific abnormalities in cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer.

Prognosis:

The prognosis for stomach cancer depends on the stage at which it is diagnosed. Early-stage stomach cancer has a higher survival rate compared to advanced-stage cancer, which may have spread to other parts of the body. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are essential for managing the disease.

At Precious Medical Group (PMG), we are here to assist you further. Please feel free to contact us for any enquiry.