Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are two main types of lung cancer:

  1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): This is the most common type, accounting for about 85% of cases. It includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
  2. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): This type is less common, making up about 15% of lung cancer cases. It tends to grow and spread more quickly than NSCLC.

Risk Factors

  • Smoking: The primary risk factor for lung cancer. The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked and the duration of smoking.
  • Second-hand Smoke: Exposure to smoke from other people’s cigarettes, cigars, or pipes.
  • Radon Gas: A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can cause lung cancer.
  • Asbestos: Exposure to asbestos fibres.
  • Genetics: Family history of lung cancer can increase risk.
  • Other Factors: Air pollution, certain chemicals, and previous radiation therapy to the chest.

Symptoms

  • Persistent cough.
  • Coughing up blood.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Chest pain.
  • Hoarseness.
  • Unintended weight loss.
  • Bone pain.
  • Headache.

Diagnosis

  • Imaging Tests: Chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI, PET scan.
  • Sputum Cytology: Examining mucus coughed up from the lungs under a microscope.
  • Biopsy: Removing a small sample of tissue from the lung for examination.

Treatment

  • Surgery: Removing the tumour and surrounding tissue.
  • Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells.
  • Targeted Therapy: Using drugs that target specific abnormalities in cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: Boosting the body’s immune system to fight cancer.

Prevention

  • Quit Smoking: The most effective way to reduce the risk.
  • Avoid Second-hand Smoke: Stay away from environments where people are smoking.
  • Test for Radon: Especially important in areas known to have high levels of radon.
  • Healthy Diet: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help reduce the risk.

Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis and survival rates of lung cancer patients. Regular check-ups and screening, especially for high-risk individuals, can help in early diagnosis.

At Precious Medical Group (PMG), we are here to assist you further. Please feel free to contact us for any enquiry.